Phil Lane Jr. expressed deep concern to Amatu'l-Bahá Rúḥíyyih Khánum regarding why thousands of Indigenous peoples across the Americas have "stepped away" from the Baha'i Faith, noting a stark disparity between the "racial" prophecy in the Tablets of the Divine Plan and the reality of low Indigenous participation. Rúḥíyyih Khánum criticized the behavior of some Persian Baha'is at the Peigan Reservation, stating they were "totally lacking in either patience or respect" for the sacred Pipe Ceremony and showed no consideration for Indigenous feelings, conduct she deemed "very detrimental to the Faith". To change this approach, she urged the Baha'i community to stop trying to force Indigenous people into a rigid administrative framework and instead honor their customs and spiritual understanding of the "triangle" of God, man, and nature. She specifically suggested that elderly Persian Baha'is could be utilized as teachers by living on reservations and holding dawn prayer gatherings, drawing on their natural "oriental warmth" and "respect for the elders". Indian swami movements are mentioned as a warning because they are successfully attracting Indigenous people by filling a "spiritual vacuum" and recognizing their culture, tasks the Baha'is are failing to perform, thereby "missing the bus" on fulfilling 'Abdu'l-Bahá’s prophecy.
(Summary of communication between a Bahá'í of Canada and Rúhíyyih Khánum, 1986-10-28)Sunday, April 5, 2026
Wednesday, February 11, 2026
In those days, the Persians cannot meet Rúhíyyih Khánum
(The Khamsis: A Cradle of True Gold by Boris Handal)
https://bahai-library.com/pdf/h/handal_khamsis_cradle_gold.pdf
Sunday, January 25, 2026
Events in the life of Shoghi Rabbani and Mary Maxwell from 1937 to 1945
Covenant-Breakers, Marriage, Ruhiyyih Khanum, Shoghi Effendi
No comments
Marriage to Mary Maxwell (1937)
Shoghi Effendi married Mary Maxwell (who was given the title Amatu'l-Bahá Rúḥíyyih Khánum) on March 25, 1937.
- The Ceremony: The marriage was a simple, private ceremony held in the room of the Greatest Holy Leaf, Bahíyyih Khánum.
- Significance: Shoghi Effendi described the union as a cementing of the "Union of East and West" and a reinforcement of the Institution of the Guardianship through direct association with the American believers.
- Privacy: The marriage was kept secret from the public and even from the local Bahá'ís until after it had taken place, to avoid the "trouble" that major events often stirred up among his enemies.
Excommunication of His Family (1941–1945)
- 1941–1942 (The Major Wave): A series of cablegrams sent between November 1941 and January 1942 announced the excommunication of the majority of 'Abdu'l-Bahá's descendants. This included:
- His cousin Ruhi Effendi Afnan and his immediate family (November 1941).
- His own younger sister, Mehr-Angiz Khánum (January 1, 1942).
- "Year of Disgrace" (1942): The year 1942 is referred to in the sources as a "year of disgrace" because Shoghi Effendi’s own parents were forced to publicly denounce and repudiate their daughter, Mehr-Angiz, following her excommunication. (Mirza Ahmad Sohrab in Abdul Baha's Grandson: Story of a Twentieth Century Excommunication)
- Total Isolation (1945): By 1945, the family of 'Abdu'l-Bahá, as well as Shoghi Effendi's own immediate family, had been "hopelessly lost to him." He described himself as having no one left but his wife, Rúḥíyyih Khánum, and her father, Sutherland Maxwell.
This period of purging was described by the Guardian as a necessary "process of purification" to protect the Administrative Order from the "virus" of violation and disloyalty within the Holy Family. (The Priceless Pearl by Rúḥíyyih Rabbani)
Thursday, December 25, 2025
How did Shoghi Effendi obtain the Mansion of Bahji from the Covenant-breakers?
Covenant-Breakers, Muhammed Ali (Ghusn), Ruhiyyih Khanum, Shoghi Effendi
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...From the time Bahá'u'lláh passed away in 1892 until 1929 Muhammad 'Ali and his relatives [who were Covenant-breakers] had been in possession of this home ... which had been purchased for Bahá'u'lláh towards the end of His life. This Mansion was now falling into a serious and pitiful state of disrepair, stained, rain-worn its roof caving in, its once lovely rooms abandoned or used as store rooms. (pp. 231)
The Covenant-breakers demanded of Shoghi Effendi that he repair the building, but the Guardian told them he would not go ahead with repairs until they moved out of the building. Ruhiyyih Khanum tells the rest of the story:
...Eventually it seems the situation of the Mansion reached a point where the Covenant-breakers had no alternative and were forced to comply with Shoghi Effendi's demand. On 27 November 1929, the day before the eighth anniversary of 'Abdu'l-Bahá's passing, Shoghi Effendi cabled a relative: ...Qasr evacuated. Restoration commenced, and on 5 December he wrote to one of the friends: ...the Mansion of Bahá'u'lláh, occupied for about 40 years by Muhammad 'Ali and his followers, has at last been evacuated and the enclosed photograph will indicate in what a state they have left it! Restorative work has commenced and the pilgrims are already visiting the room where Bahá'u'lláh passed away and where He passed the most peaceful and happiest days of His. life. Two years later the work was completed. Shoghi Effendi had had the building renovated and refurbished in all its original beauty...
...I remember how, in spite of the fact that Shoghi Effendi had possession of the Mansion, he was constantly irked, until the very end of his life, by the fact that Covenant-breakers still occupied the adjacent house. (pp 232)
https://bahai-library.com/johnson_beloved_guardian
Thursday, December 4, 2025
"the Israeli War of Independence"
[...]
After the formation of the State of Israel, Rúhíyyih Khánum enjoyed a degree of freedom in Haifa that had not been possible for her before. Her social life became more varied and lively. She was a close friend of the Mayor of Haifa, Mr. Abba Khoushy, and his wife Hanna, and began to give wonderful dinner parties and soirees for the dignitaries of Haifa. She used to say Shoghi Effendi allowed her to entertain as long as it did not interfere with her work and she did not expect him to attend!
(A TRIBUTE TO AMATU'L-BAHÁ RÚHÍYYIH KHÁNUM by Violette Nakhjavani)
https://bahai-library.com/pdf/n/nakhjavani_tribute_ruhiyyih_khanum.pdf
Wednesday, December 3, 2025
Ruhiyyih Khanum and Ahmad Sohrab shares the stage in New York
(A TRIBUTE TO AMATU'L-BAHÁ RÚHÍYYIH KHÁNUM by Violette Nakhjavani)
Saturday, October 18, 2025
Ruhiyyih Khanum did not become pregnant
In short, many of those who knew Mary Maxwell well were unhappy about this marriage but did not dare to express their opinions. My mother, Touba Khanum and her sister, Rouha Khanum were in Beirut at the time and apparently far removed from the matter. They were not capable of doing anything and therefore remained silent. The responsibility rested completely with Zia Khanum. She, in turn could not verify Mrs. Edma Belmont's words and upon that basis, prove anything.
Time passed, and Ruhiyyih Khanum did not become pregnant.
Dr. Raf'at Bek, a Turkish, Baha'i gentleman, residing in Beirut, educated in Germany, and a gynecologist by profession - he had been head of that department in the Turkish Medical School, - wrote to Shoghi Effendi, offering his services. Ruhiyyih Khanum refused to be examined by him. Dr. Raf'at Bek wrote again, suggesting that the problem may be with Shoghi Effendi himself. He recommended that he should eat strengthening food, including ten fresh eggs a day. Shoghi Effendi did not answer his letter, but asked his mother to provide him with such a diet. She obeyed. Time passed, but without any results. This was a source of anxiety for Zia Khanum, for too many eggs could cause other medical problems. She therefore asked Shoghi Effendi to relieve her of this duty and to ask Ruhiyyih Khanum to do it for him. This she refused to do, accusing Zia Khanum of not wanting her to get pregnant. This was the basis of the disagreement between the two parties and raised Shoghi Effendi's suspicions.
Some years later, in Beirut, I heard from Rouhanguise Khanum, Shoghi Effendi's eldest sister, that Shoghi Effendi finally convinced Ruhiyyih Khanum to see a doctor. In fact, two doctors saw her: Dr. Costero of the Italian Hospital in Haifa and Dr. Zondek, the gynecologist of the Hebrew University and the Hadassa Hospital in Jerusalem. They both stated that because of a problem that existed she was unable to bear children.
Source : Ruhi Afnan’s 1970 letter to the Spiritual Assembly of Iran
https://abdulbahasfamily.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/ruhi-afnan-1970-letter.pdf
Monday, August 25, 2025
increase of divorce amongst the Western Baha'is
(On Marriage and Family, address at the ABS Annual Conference, 1982 by Ruhiyyih Khanum)
https://bahai.works/Transcript:Ruhiyyih_Khanum/On_marriage_and_family,_1982
Wednesday, September 25, 2024
Shoghi Effendi and Rúhíyyih Khánum entered the Congo
(Shoghi Effendi Through the Pilgrim's Eye, Volume 1, Building the Administrative Order, 1922-1952 by Earl Redman)
Friday, June 14, 2024
Good quality Baha’is
(Amatu’l-Baha Visits India by Violette Nakhjavani)
We can only stop teaching the Faith when the Government of the country asks us to stop
Converting People, Iran, Loyalty, Ruhiyyih Khanum
No comments
Guardianist perspective: Shoghi Effendi did appoint his successor before he died.
The IBC that Shoghi created was not only supposed to be the embryonic Universal house of Justice (UHJ), it was also the symbolic child of Shoghi Effendi. Let me carefully explain.
When Shoghi first created the IBC, he himself didn’t communicate directly with each member face to face nor would he allow them to meet with each other. He would send messages to each member of the IBC by using Ruhiyyih as a liaison. There was a symbolic reason for this.
You see, each member of the IBC represented the different body parts of a child that’s in it’s mother’s womb, with Shoghi representing the mother or head, & Ruhiyyih representing the umbilical cord that passes messages from the head to the different parts.
When Shoghi died, it represented his child or successor being born, which was the IBC that he created. From the moment, the entire Baha’i world was supposed to turn to the IBC for divine guidance while it went through its successive stages from a child (the international Baha’i council & the International Baha’i court) to an adult (the Universal House of Justice)
If Mason Remy (the president of the IBC) were still alive once the IBC completed all its formative stages, then he would automatically become the second guardian. If not, then his successor would become the second guardian once the IBC completed all its formative stages to the Universal House of Justice.
But, as we all know, these divine transformative stages were not allowed to happen when Ruhiyyih & the hands dismantled the IBC, which effectively killed the child & rightful successor of Shoghi Effendi.
You see, Ruhiyyih purposely orchestrated this evil plan to dismantle the IBC once Shoghi died. She knew in advance that the IBC was supposed to be the rightful successor of Shoghi because remember, she was the liaison or umbilical cord of Shoghi that carried all the messages. So, she had direct knowledge of the entire, intended plan.
The reason why she did this because she knew once Shoghi died, she would no longer have a high position in the Baha’i world & would effectively become a regular Baha’i. Think about it. Once a child is born, the umbilical cord is cut off & thrown away because it is no longer needed.
This eventual circumstance was painful for her to accept which she was determined not to allow. So, in order to maintain a high position within the Baha’i world once Shoghi died, she along with the hands dismantled the IBC that Shoghi created & appointed themselves as the custodians of the Baha’i faith.
When this happened, which led to every Baha’i accepting this development, it effectively caused the entire Baha’i world to become covenant breakers. The Universal House of Justice that exists today is not the real, divine Universe House of Justice that was intended by Bahaullah & Abdul-Baha.
It is a empty shell without a head (the guardian). So, it does not possess the divine guidance of Bahaullah.
Thursday, May 16, 2024
Tribute to Shoghi Effendi by Ruhiyyih Khanum
Covenant-Breakers, Ruhiyyih Khanum, Shoghi Effendi
No comments
You see, the Guardian had so many sides to his nature, and you have seen how strong he was when it came to defending the Faith. He never compromised on principle. Now, I would like to show you another aspect of his nature. He had a tremendous capacity for love and for loyalty for those whom he loved, but when they became Covenant-Breakers it evaporated, they ceased to exist and the bounties ceased to flow.
(Tribute to Shoghi Effendi by Ruhiyyih Khanum published in Bahá’í News, Issue 327, May 1958)
Wednesday, May 15, 2024
no one in Israel can marry a non-Baháʼí
Covenant-Breakers, Israel, Marriage, Ruhiyyih Khanum, Shoghi Effendi
No comments
Rúhíyyih Khánum speaking at the closing session of the Bahá’í World Congress in London, 1963
Threatening Baha'is
Abuse, Covenant, Ruhiyyih Khanum, Shoghi Effendi, Will & Testament
No comments
Rúhíyyih Khánum speaking at the closing session of the Bahá’í World Congress in London, 1963
https://bahai.works/Transcript:Ruhiyyih_Khanum/Speech_at_close_to_Bahá’í_World_Congress,_1963
Tuesday, May 14, 2024
because they are deadly poison, the lepers, the covenant breakers.
(Rúhíyyih Khánum speaking at the closing session of the Bahá’í World Congress in London, 1963)
https://bahai.works/Transcript:Ruhiyyih_Khanum/Speech_at_close_to_Bahá’í_World_Congress,_1963
Thursday, March 14, 2024
Ruhiyyih purposely orchestrated this evil plan to dismantle the IBC once Shoghi died
Guardianship, House of Justice (UHJ), Personal Observations, Ruhiyyih Khanum, Shoghi Effendi
No comments
The IBC that Shoghi created was not only supposed to be the embryonic Universal house of Justice (UHJ), it was also the symbolic child of Shoghi Effendi. Let me carefully explain.
When Shoghi first created the IBC, he himself didn’t communicate directly with each member face to face nor would he allow them to meet with each other. He would send messages to each member of the IBC by using Ruhiyyih as a liaison. There was a symbolic reason for this.
You see, each member of the IBC represented the different body parts of a child that’s in it’s mother’s womb, with Shoghi representing the mother or head, & Ruhiyyih representing the umbilical cord that passes messages from the head to the different parts.
When Shoghi died, it represented his child or successor being born, which was the IBC that he created. From the moment, the entire Baha’i world was supposed to turn to the IBC for divine guidance while it went through its successive stages from a child (the international Baha’i council & the International Baha’i court) to an adult (the Universal House of Justice).
If Mason Remey (the president of the IBC) were still alive once the IBC completed all its formative stages, then he would automatically become the second guardian. If not, then his successor would become the second guardian once the IBC completed all its formative stages to the Universal House of Justice.
But, as we all know, these divine transformative stages were not allowed to happen when Ruhiyyih & the hands dismantled the IBC, which effectively killed the child & rightful successor of Shoghi Effendi.
You see, Ruhiyyih purposely orchestrated this evil plan to dismantle the IBC once Shoghi died. She knew in advance that the IBC was supposed to be the rightful successor of Shoghi because remember, she was the liaison or umbilical cord of Shoghi that carried all the messages. So, she had direct knowledge of the entire, intended plan.
The reason why she did this because she knew once Shoghi died, she would no longer have a high position in the Baha’i world & would effectively become a regular Baha’i. Think about it. Once a child is born, the umbilical cord is cut off & thrown away because it is no longer needed.
This eventual circumstance was painful for her to accept which she was determined not to allow. So, in order to maintain a high position within the Baha’i world once Shoghi died, she along with the hands dismantled the IBC that Shoghi created & appointed themselves as the custodians of the Baha’i faith.
When this happened, which led to every Baha’i accepting this development, it effectively caused the entire Baha’i world to become covenant-breakers. The Universal House of Justice that exists today is not the real, divine Universe House of Justice that was intended by Baha'u'llah & Abdul-Baha.
It is a empty shell without a head (the guardian). So, it does not possess the divine guidance of Baha'u'llah.
Saturday, February 3, 2024
Should we carry on mass-teaching or pay attention to consolidation ?
A. “Now I would like to say what I feel about what you asked me regarding the question of mass conversion and consolidation : the value of stopping teaching to consolidate, or to go on with the teaching work. I do not see any reason why I should not say to the Baha’is — because we are, after all, all one, whether we are National Spiritual Assembly members, or Local Assembly members, or nothing official, we are all Baha’is together and it is our joint religion, we all love it — therefore, why shouldn’t I say to you what I said to your National Assembly ? I said I would not be a bit surprised if the National spiritual Assembly of the Baha’is of India did not feel sometimes as if it had got hold of a crocodile by the tail, a big one, and did not quite know what to do with it. Now, this mass conversion or mass teaching that you have — and I don’t like personally any of these terms, I like the term of ‘entering the cause in troops’ which is a term of the Master and is a wonderful, wonderful term — but this entering the Cause of Baha’u’llah in troops, which is now taking place in India, of course poses tremendous problems — any one can understand that. You have people coming in by the thousands who are not in a position, at the present time, with a few exceptions, to do anything directly for the Faith. You see what I mean: they do not support the Fund yet, because they either haven’t learnt to or they haven’t got enough money to give any thing. They don’t go out and circulate because they are villagers, they are living, in their own small communities. It is all very new to them. They want to hear more and understand more and learn more and that means somebody has to go and teach them and they have yet not reached a point where they are beginning to give back great returns to your community. Many of the people in this room, I suppose, are businessmen with experience, merchants perhaps, or some kind of businessmen or may be students of Economics. Now you all know that when you invest something, I am not talking about something that is already a going concern, but when you want to develop something that is entirely new, like a gold mine, a diamond mine or an oil well, the capital expenditure is tremendous. You have to put in a great deal of capital before you get any dividends back before you get any return on your investment, because you have to set up machinery, you have to send out people to exploit the situation, you have to get the thing out of the ground, you have to refine it and then you start to market it, then you get very heavy returns on your investment.
‘The speed with which the Cause is spreading here shows that the capacity of the villagers in India is your oil field. The people that are exploiting it at the present time, let us say, are the Indian Baha’is. All this honour goes to you. In time the immense riches from this spiritual investment will flow back into your community.
“The destiny of the human race is to accept Baha’u’llah, we know that as Baha’is. Now, it has to start sometime and it is a little late in starting, because this Cause is over 120 years old and we are only beginning to get the entrance of people by troops into the Faith. We must not say that this is too soon, we must say this is too late. We are in a hurry. We have lost a hundred years of the Baha’i cycle. We want it to go faster every day, no matter what kind of problems arise from its going faster. Everything in the world goes by its own time. This evidently is the time for a spiritual harvest in India. No one of you, no one in Haifa, no one on this planet can tell you how long this time is going to last. You see what I mean? It may last long enough for India’s 450 million Indians to become Baha’is, it may stop tomorrow like that. (Ruhiyyih Khanum snapped her fingers). You don’t know. You don’t know whether we are going to find that the political development of India goes forward so fast that the people in villages become politically minded and instead of being interested in the Teachings of Baha’u’llah, which we know are the Solution to the world’s problems, they are going to be interested in whatever the local politician says who comes and sits under a tree and talks to them. For one reason or another you have no way of knowing whether it is going on for one year, ten years, a hundred years or a thousand years. All you now know here in India is that you have this extraordinary opportunity. You and Africa are leading the whole world, so far, in this field of teaching, but you don’t know how long the opportunity will last. I only know one case in the whole Baha’i teachings where it says, you must not teach, and that is when it is forbidden by the Government, because we must be loyal to our Government; but if you can show me one single place in the Teachings where there is any other excuse for not teaching, I would like to know what it is. And Baha'u'llah certainly does not say anywhere that you must stop teaching in order to consolidate. You must do the two together. You cannot say that ‘the crocodile is getting too big and I am not going to do anything more about it.’ I think there is a story —I don’t remember from which country it comes — that the dragon swallowed the world. Perhaps it is a nice dragon that you have by the tail that will go on getting bigger and bigger and bigger and swallow the world with the teachings of Baha’u’llah. How do you know? You don’t have to be afraid of it. All you have to do is to hang on to its tail. Let it pull you ahead, and have confidence in Baha’u’llah. If anything goes wrong with this system, then you say to Baha’u’llah: “Look, You are the One who said to teach, all I did was to obey You.”
(Amatul-Baha Visits India, by Violette Nakhjavani, Baha’i Publishing Trust - India)
Friday, March 31, 2023
Shoghi said "This work is killing me!" when he was in London during the last days of his life and ill due to Influenza.
(The Priceless Pearl, Rúhíyyih Rabbani)
Thursday, March 30, 2023
Where is the "Home for the Aged"?
(The Priceless Pearl, Rúhíyyih Rabbani)