Mirza Hadi took his son (Shoghi Effendi) to Baghdad for medical reasons

Abdu’l-Bahá knew well that His grandson could not have children. 

Mirza Hadi took his son to Baghdad for medical reasons; the report indicated a physiological delay that causes infertility. Abdu’l-Bahá saw in this a "Sign of God."

(Ruhiyyih Khanum’s Two Cables Announcing the Death of Shoghi Effendi by Grover Gonzales, May 2026)

https://bahai-library.com/gonzales_khanum_cables_shoghi-effendi

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To Horace’s mind, logic dictated that the door to a future Guardian was closed.

Besides the letter to the Bahá'í world, the Hands of the Cause sent a separate letter to all National Spiritual Assemblies asking them to provide written statements pledging their loyalty and specifically consenting to the plan the Conclave of the Hands had arrived at to manage the Faith as Chief Stewards and interim caretakers. As time was of the essence, the requested statements quickly poured into the World Centre. Armed with affidavits from Assemblies from all over the world, as well as with the other documents produced by the Hands, plus the October 1957 letter from Shoghi Effendi containing the term 'Chief Stewards', the Hands were able to convince Israeli officials and courts to recognize the right of the International Bahá'í Council and the Custodians to assume control of all Bahá'í properties in the Holy Land, including the twin Holy Shrines, and bank accounts with the funds of the Faith. Disaster had been averted.

Once Horace returned home, he was informed that many friends continued to be disturbed by the question left unresolved by the Hands as to whether there could ever be another Guardian. Auxiliary Board members reported to the Hands the many questions that were raised about the Guardianship during their meetings held around the country. Waiting until the Universal House of Justice was elected seemed too distant during a period fraught with potential dangers.

During the Conclave, the Hands had concluded from their study of authoritative texts that only the Universal House of Justice could make a definitive statement about the future of the Guardianship, and, as of 1957, a date had not been fixed for the establishment of the House of Justice. To Horace's mind, logic dictated that the door to a future Guardian was closed. He believed the conditions set forth in the Will and Testament of 'Abdu'l-Bahá could no longer be met. The Will had been widely disseminated for decades, making it possible for all Bahá'ís to study it and draw conclusions, as he had.

Concerned by various reports brought to its attention, the National Spiritual Assembly of the United States encouraged the Hands living in America to draft a statement to explain why there could not be another Guardian. Horace produced a draft in consultation with Paul Haney and the National Assembly, giving it the title 'A New Bahá'í Era'. It opened by declaring that, since the passing of Shoghi Effendi, ‘The landscape has changed; in some aspects it is unfamiliar; we pause in temporary confusion until we become accustomed to the new condition and can see its relationship to the eternal verities of the revelation we have accepted with all our hearts.'

As this statement circulated, segments of it were sent to the Custodians in the Holy Land who immediately became alarmed, because they thought it interpreted the Proclamation issued by the Conclave. They cabled the American Hands to delete several sentences, specifically the ones stating that the door to another Guardian was closed and that the Custodians had the authority to expel individuals from the Faith. Horace responded quickly, asking his colleagues in Haifa to consider the full statement, not just the excerpts. After studying the document, the Custodians firmly insisted that 'A New Bahá'í Era' be removed from circulation at once and the matter dropped. Horace was shocked, not only because he believed the statement was a necessary prophylactic, but because he felt the Custodians were censoring believers who were making determinations based upon their own reading of 'Abdu'l-Bahá's Will and Testament. He wrote them a frank letter, begging them to reconsider. The response he received showed that the Custodians had a broader view than the Hands serving in the field. Their concern was not the accuracy of the statement, but the wisdom of promulgating it. They wanted the crucial matter of the future of the Guardianship to be addressed with one voice taking into consideration how the message would be understood globally. The Hands in Haifa wrote,

The Custodians from East and West are aware of the wisdom of avoiding statements or points of view on basic issues which cannot be accepted equally by East and West, and indeed by all the Bahá'í world, especially in this period, so soon after the ascension of the beloved Guardian, when we are still unable to grasp the full implications of the present situation.

They also added the aside that, 'It would have been a great help if you yourself could have served here in these early and critical months, and given us the benefit of your experience and clarity of thought on the many pressing issues with which we have had to cope.' Nonetheless, it seems that there was a change of thinking, because on 12 June 1958, the Custodians issued a statement exploring the future of the Guardianship because questions persisted. It included a quotation from the 'A New Bahá'í Era' statement.

(Infinite Horizons - The Life and Times of Horace Holley by Kathryn Jewett Hogenson)

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Guardianship and Shoghi Effendi

The Guardianship is a central institution of the Baha’i Administrative Order, established to ensure the continuity and authorized interpretation of the teachings following the passing of ‘Abdu’l-Baha.

I. Establishment and Nature of the Institution

Origin and Authority

• The Guardianship is not mentioned in Baha’u’llah’s Kitab-i-Aqdas. In the Aqdas, authority after ‘Abdu’l-Baha was assigned to the elected bodies known as the Houses of Justice.

• The institution was established by ‘Abdu’l-Baha’s Will and Testament, regarded as His most important constitutional document.

• The Guardianship is described as a central element of the Covenant.

• The Guardian is the “Sign of God” and the “chief cornerstone of the Administrative Order.”

• The Guardian is the sacred head of the Baha’i community.

• The institution has a hereditary and monarchical character.

The First Guardian

• Shoghi Effendi Rabbani was named the first Guardian.

• He was the eldest son of Diya’iyyih Khanum, the oldest daughter of ‘Abdu’l-Baha.

• His appointment at age 24 surprised many believers, especially in Persian circles, who had expected the immediate establishment of the Houses of Justice.

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II. Competence and Infallibility

Infallibility

• The Guardian is invested with a unique authority described as unassailable in religious history.

• He possesses a conferred infallibility—not inherent or congenital—bestowed through the Covenant.

• He is under the protection of the unerring guidance of Baha’u’llah, and his authoritative interpretations are considered divinely guided.

• Obedience and loyalty to the Guardian are obligatory for all believers, including the Hands of the Cause and future members of the Universal House of Justice.

Key Powers

• Interpretive Authority: The Guardian holds the exclusive right to interpret the Sacred Texts. His interpretations define what the believers must accept as the meaning of the Revelation.

• Administrative Head: He is designated as the sacred and permanent head of the Universal House of Justice.

• Right of Veto: He may reject decisions of the House of Justice if they contradict the spirit or meaning of the Revelation.

• Excommunication: He holds the right to declare Covenant-breakers and to expel members, including members of the House of Justice.

• Authority of the Will and Testament: The Will and Testament of ‘Abdu’l-Baha is regarded as completing and supplementing the Kitab-i-Aqdas. Shoghi Effendi emphasized its constitutional authority.

• Huququ’llah: The Right of God was to be administered through the Guardian.

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III. The Guardianship and the Universal House of Justice

• The Guardianship and the Universal House of Justice are described as inseparable twin institutions of the Administrative Order.

• The Guardian possesses interpretive authority, while the Universal House of Justice exercises legislative and jurisdictional authority in matters not explicitly covered in the Sacred Texts.

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IV. Succession and End of the Guardianship

Hereditary Principle and Appointment

• The Guardianship is hereditary, intended to pass by primogeniture to the eldest son of the Guardian’s male descendants.

• The Guardian must appoint his successor in his lifetime.

• If the eldest son lacks the necessary spiritual qualities, the Guardian may appoint another male branch of the family.

• The Hands of the Cause of God must approve the appointment.

• Women are not eligible to serve as Guardian.

The End of the Institution

• Shoghi Effendi passed away on November 4, 1957, in London.

• His marriage to Ruhiyyih Khanum was childless.

• He left no will and appointed no successor.

• All other surviving male branches of Baha’u’llah’s family had been declared Covenant-breakers, leaving no eligible successor.

• This resulted in the end of the line of Guardians.

• The Universal House of Justice, elected in 1963, assumed the responsibilities defined for it in the Sacred Texts. The House later stated that Shoghi Effendi’s inability to appoint a successor should be viewed as an expression of “infallible wisdom.”

---

V. Operational Style of the Guardian (Shoghi Effendi)

• Shoghi Effendi’s leadership was marked by firm administration, sometimes referred to as the “Iron Age.”

• He lived a highly disciplined and secluded life, rarely appearing publicly and maintaining limited personal contact with the broader community.

• He enforced strict control over publications to maintain doctrinal unity.

• The authenticity of ‘Abdu’l-Baha’s Will and Testament was strongly disputed by Baha’is such as Ruth White and Hermann Zimmer, who claimed that the document was a forgery produced by Shoghi Effendi. They pointed to its unusually severe tone and to the introduction of the previously unforeseen and infallible institution of the Guardianship. Their suspicions were reinforced when a handwriting analyst, Dr. Ainsworth Mitchell, stated—based on photocopies—that the writing and signatures did not correspond to those of ‘Abdu’l-Baha. The Baha’i leadership declined to allow examination of the original manuscript, preventing a conclusive verification. The Will, which appointed Shoghi Effendi as the infallible head of the Faith, generated significant opposition among many Persian believers and led to a serious schism, including the excommunication of nearly all of ‘Abdu’l-Baha’s extended family.

• During his ministry (1921–1957), he exercised sole leadership, and the Universal House of Justice was not convened, making him effectively the holder of both interpretive and administrative authority.

(Extracted from Francesco Ficicchia's Der Baha'ismus: Weltreligion der Zukunft? Geschichte, Lehre und Organisation in kritischer Anfrage, Stuttgart: Quell Verlag, 1981)

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His inner eye had already discerned on my brow the seal of God.

Bahá'u'lláh, the Great Perfection—blessed be His words—in the past, the present and forever—chose this insignificant one to be His successor, not because I was the first born, but because His inner eye had already discerned on my brow the seal of God.

Before His ascension into eternal Light the blessed Manifestation reminded me that I too—irrespective of primogeniture or age—must observe among my sons and grandsons whom God would indicate for His office. My sons passed to eternity in their tenderest years, in my line, among my relatives, only little Shoghi has the shadow of a great calling in the depths of his eyes.

(Dr. Josephina Theresa Zürcher-Fallscheer)

https://theutteranceproject.com/the-guardian/

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trademark in the word "Bahá’í"

The National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá’ís of the United States of America, Inc. ("National Spiritual Assembly") asserted counterclaims for trademark infringement and unfair competition against the Hereditary Guardianship. They claimed they were entitled to the exclusive use of the Bahá’í faith's marks and symbols, including a trademark in the word "Bahá’í" and other specific Bahá’í symbols, names, and phrases.

(Hereditary Guardianship v. Nat. Spiritual Assembly, Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit, Citations: 628 F.3d 837, Docket Number: 08-2306)

https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/179728/hereditary-guardianship-v-nat-spiritual-assembly/pdf/

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the Seat of Guardianship

The Bahai World Administrative Center. The passage “Ere long will God sail His Ark upon thee” in Bahāʾ-Allāh’s Tablet of Carmel (Lawḥ-e Kārmel) (Bahāʾ Allāh, tr. Taherzadeh et al., p. 5) was later interpreted by Sho-ghi Effendi as an allusion to the future establishment of The Universal House of Justice on Mount Carmel. Sho-ghi Effendi designated the world administrative buildings around the Arc Garden to be the Bahai International Archives, the Seat of the Hands of the Cause of God (Ayādi-e amr-Allāh, q.v.), the Seat of Guardianship, and the Seat of the Universal House of Justice (Shoghi Effendi, 1958, p. 74). Afterwards, the Seat of the Guardianship became the Center for the Study of the Texts building, and the Seat of the Hands of the Cause of God became the International Teaching Center building; the Bahai International Library, the last building of the complex referred to as the Arc buildings, has not yet been built. The Bahai World Administrative Center, according to Shoghi Effendi, symbolizes the “seat of spiritual and temporal power” and will serve as “the seat of the future Bahai commonwealth” (1958, pp. 73-75).

(Encyclopedia Iranica)

www.iranicaonline.org/articles/haifa/

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one of the first acts of the Guardian

He beheld a widely diversified, loosely organized community, scattered in various parts of the globe, and with members in about twenty countries. These people, loyal, devoted and sincere though they were, were still, to a great extent, living in their parent religion’s house, so to speak; there were Christian Bahá’ís, Jewish Bahá’ís, Muhammadan Bahá’ís and so on. They believed in the Bahá’í Faith but were intimately connected with their former churches. Like fruit on a tree, they were a new crop but still stuck to the old branch. This was true East and West alike. That was the point to which the Faith had evolved at the time of the Master’s ascension.

We, on our part, beheld a young man of only twenty-four standing at the helm of the Cause and some of the friends felt impelled to advise him about what it would be wise for him to do next. It was then that we began to know not only the nature of our first Guardian but the nature of the entire Institution of Guardianship, for we quickly discovered that Shoghi Effendi was “unreachable.” Neither relatives, old Bahá’ís or new Bahá’ís, well—wishers or ill-wishers could sway his judgment or influence his decisions. We quickly came to realize that he was not only divinely guided but...

[...]

...one of the first acts of the Guardian: Shoghi Effendi never set foot in the Mosque, whereas ‘Abdu’l-Bahá had attended it until the last Friday of His life. ...it would have been almost impossible for the Master to do, namely, to sever the intimate bonds Which had bound him for so long to the Arab community, particularly the Muhammadan community, of Palestine during many years when it was forbidden to even mention the name Bahá’í, the Guardian now did overnight and began to encourage the Bahá’ís to likewise do in different parts of the world.

(Ruhiyyih Khanum, Twenty-Five Years of The Guardianship, Baha'i Publishing Committee, Wilmette, Illinois - 1948)

https://bahai.works/Twenty-Five_Years_of_the_Guardianship/Text

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Shoghi Effendi, the great grand-son of Baha'u'llah, the first Guardian of the Baha'i Faith, the head of the World Super-State Government.

Shoghi Effendie, the great grand-son of Baha'u'llah, the first Guardian of the Baha'i Faith, the living Spiritual Leader to whom millions of Bahai's of the world are devoted to and are bound together in his centre, the future and first Head or Chairman of the International House of Justice or World Super-State Government, writes that "The Humanitarian and Spiritual Principles enunciated decades ago (1863 A.D.) in the darkest East (Persia), by Baha'u'llah and moulded by Him into a coherent scheme are one after another being taken up by the world unconscious of their source as the marks of progressive civilization. And the sense that mankind has broken with the past and that the old guidance will not carry it through the emergencies of the present has filled with uncertainty and dismay all thoughtful men save those who have learned to find, in the story of Baha'u'llah, the meaning of all the prodigies and portents of our time".

(Letters dated August 1st, 1944 Written by Mr. Mani H. Mehta To Messrs. Gandhi and Jinnah, page 10)

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Shoghi Effendi created the IBC to succeed him as his successor!

The mystery of Shoghi creating the IBC as his successor as I claimed in my previous statement is found within the last Will & Testament of Abdul-Baha himself. Let me carefully explain. First, if you notice, Abdul-Baha’s last Will & Testament is primarily written in the Persian language. But, there are times where he switches up & writes certain words in Arabic. There’s a divine wisdom & reason for this.

You see, the Persian language in comparison with Arabic is more simple, straightforward & less multi-faceted. Thus, by a person choosing to write a certain word in Arabic, it could mean several things. When Abdul-Baha is speaking about the guardian appointing his successor in his Will, he says & I quote:

“It is incumbent upon the guardian of the cause of God to appoint in his lifetime “him” that shall become his successor, that differences shall not arise after his passing.”

The Arabic equivalent of the word “Him” is HOVA. This word can mean different things such as “he that” or “him” or “that which.” In other words, it can refer to a person or an institution, which is exactly what the IBC was that Shoghi created. By Shoghi being the appointed divine interpreter of the Bahai Holy writ, he knew that both Bahaullah & Abdul-Baha were instructing him to appoint an institution rather than a person as his successor in order to set up the test that was to immediately go into effect after his passing. If you recall, Shoghi himself warned on multiple occasions in his cablegrams that a severe test would soon encompass the entire Baha’i world. He gave these warnings just two years before his death after he established the IBC with all 9 members.

This test was a test of faith to prove if the Baha’i’s really believed in the words of their Holy writ, especially where it states that the guardian is infallible & that everything that he says & does is of God & that there will always be successive guardians throughout the entire Baha’i dispensation.

In fact, to clearly prove that Shoghi was well aware of this duty of selecting a successor during his lifetime & that he clearly fulfilled that duty by creating the IBC, he states in his cablegram, dated January 9th, 1951, that the creation of the IBC was the greatest event, shedding luster upon the second epoch of the formative age of the Bahai dispensation, & was unsurpassed by any enterprise undertaken.

He also stated that its creation ranked second only to the events associated with the ministries of the Bab, Abdul-Baha & Bahaullah. Think about that. It ranked “SECOND ONLY.” So, by him stating that, the IBC he created was obviously very important & wasn’t supposed to be dissolved by Ruhiyyih & the hands. So, when you compare their actions against Shoghi’s words, it clearly proves that what they did was clearly against God.

Also, in his book “God Passes By” on page 324, Shoghi clearly states that the same spirit that was in the Bab, Bahaullah & Abdul-Baha, incarnated itself in Bahai institutions. Was not the IBC that Shoghi created a Bahai institution? So, if Shoghi said that the same spirit that was in the Bab, Bahaullah & Abdul incarnated itself in that institution, then that obviously means that that same institution can serve as his successor.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W_LbwjGKXKc&lc=UgykXDPQIIUA28XMWhV4AaABAg.99Ln_S9FNGaA7JAoH2afuF

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Guardianist perspective: Shoghi Effendi did appoint his successor before he died.

Shoghi Effendi did appoint his successor before he died. The successor of Shoghi was the IBC (International Baha’i Council) that he created which was eventually dismantled by Ruhiyyih & the hands

The IBC that Shoghi created was not only supposed to be the embryonic Universal house of Justice (UHJ), it was also the symbolic child of Shoghi Effendi. Let me carefully explain.

When Shoghi first created the IBC, he himself didn’t communicate directly with each member face to face nor would he allow them to meet with each other. He would send messages to each member of the IBC by using Ruhiyyih as a liaison. There was a symbolic reason for this.

You see, each member of the IBC represented the different body parts of a child that’s in it’s mother’s womb, with Shoghi representing the mother or head, & Ruhiyyih representing the umbilical cord that passes messages from the head to the different parts.

When Shoghi died, it represented his child or successor being born, which was the IBC that he created. From the moment, the entire Baha’i world was supposed to turn to the IBC for divine guidance while it went through its successive stages from a child (the international Baha’i council & the International Baha’i court) to an adult (the Universal House of Justice)

If Mason Remy (the president of the IBC) were still alive once the IBC completed all its formative stages, then he would automatically become the second guardian. If not, then his successor would become the second guardian once the IBC completed all its formative stages to the Universal House of Justice.

But, as we all know, these divine transformative stages were not allowed to happen when Ruhiyyih & the hands dismantled the IBC, which effectively killed the child & rightful successor of Shoghi Effendi.

You see, Ruhiyyih purposely orchestrated this evil plan to dismantle the IBC once Shoghi died. She knew in advance that the IBC was supposed to be the rightful successor of Shoghi because remember, she was the liaison or umbilical cord of Shoghi that carried all the messages. So, she had direct knowledge of the entire, intended plan.

The reason why she did this because she knew once Shoghi died, she would no longer have a high position in the Baha’i world & would effectively become a regular Baha’i. Think about it. Once a child is born, the umbilical cord is cut off & thrown away because it is no longer needed.

This eventual circumstance was painful for her to accept which she was determined not to allow. So, in order to maintain a high position within the Baha’i world once Shoghi died, she along with the hands dismantled the IBC that Shoghi created & appointed themselves as the custodians of the Baha’i faith.

When this happened, which led to every Baha’i accepting this development, it effectively caused the entire Baha’i world to become covenant breakers. The Universal House of Justice that exists today is not the real, divine Universe House of Justice that was intended by Bahaullah & Abdul-Baha.

It is a empty shell without a head (the guardian). So, it does not possess the divine guidance of Bahaullah.

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Keith-Roach’s understanding of the role of Shoghi Effendi was no doubt corrected after 1922

Keith-Roach’s understanding of the role of Shoghi Effendi was no doubt corrected after 1922, the publication date of a wide-ranging and informative book he co-wrote, with a foreword by Herbert Samuel and assisted by Sir Ronald Storrs among others. The book described the successor of the Master as ‘his grandson, Shawki Effendi’, and then added mistakenly, ‘who is life-President of the Council of Nine, which regulates the affairs of the community’ (Luke and Keith-Roach, The Handbook of Palestine, p. 59)

(Coronation on Carmel - The Story of the Shrine of the Bab, Volume II: 1922-1963 by Michael V. Day)

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on Shoghi's casket it was written that he was the 'First Guardian'

Even on Shoghi's casket it was written that he was the 'First Guardian', so even at that time the matter was not considered to be closed.

The reasoning on why there was no second Guardian changed as time went on. First the Baha'i world was in denial and wanted to find the next successor, then it was said that God changed his mind about hereditary Guardianship (in Arabic: Bada), and later it was said that there was always supposed to be only one Guardian, using this text from the Aqdas as validation:

"Endowments dedicated to charity revert to God, the Revealer of Signs. None hath the right to dispose of them without leave from Him Who is the Dawning-place of Revelation. After Him, this authority shall pass to the Aghsan, and after them to the House of Justice—should it be established in the world by then—that they may use these endowments for the benefit of the Places which have been exalted in this Cause, and for whatsoever hath been enjoined upon them by Him Who is the God of might and power. Otherwise, the endowments shall revert to the people of Bahá who speak not except by His leave and judge not save in accordance with what God hath decreed in this Tablet—lo, they are the champions of victory betwixt heaven and earth— that they may use them in the manner that hath been laid down in the Book of God, the Mighty, the Bountiful."

But this is a flawed reasoning for various reasons.

https://old.reddit.com/r/FreeSpeechBahai/comments/1d1336u/the_real_archbreaker_of_the_covenant/

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The only legitimate succession is the one created by Baha'u'llah in the Kitab-i-Ahdi. First Abbas Effendi and then Mirza Muhammad Ali. All other succession schemes have holes in them.

The problem with the Baha'i covenant is that while Abdul Baha and Mirza Muhammad Ali were appointed by Baha'u'llah, and Shoghi by Abdul Baha, the UHJ and other successor claimants cannot trace back their authority to Baha'u'llah.

In Abdul Baha's scheme the UHJ would be led by a Guardian, and it is ridiculous to assume that this body would instead succeed the Guardian as infallible leader. The UHJ we have now is also different from the one Shoghi envisaged, and it was founded by the Hands, who had no authority to do so. The Five Elders and Mason Remey also have no way to prove they are Shoghi's successors, as they were never publicly appointed by Shoghi.

In fact the whole post-Shoghi Baha'i faith is a huge cope. Shoghi's death before appointing a successor clearly showed that he and his grandfather were not infallible. Still, everyone doubled down on following some infallible leader, as if that is what the Baha'i faith is about.

The only legitimate succession is the one created by Baha'u'llah in the Kitab-i-Ahdi. First Abbas Effendi and then Mirza Muhammad Ali. All other succession schemes have holes in them.

https://old.reddit.com/r/FreeSpeechBahai/comments/1d1336u/the_real_archbreaker_of_the_covenant/

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nowhere have I found the express authority given to the Hands of the Cause to expel people for any reason other than opposition to the Guardian.

What to do with Remey and his associates was the question of the hour and the Hands were divided on what should or could be done. Jalal Khazeh wrote to Leroy Ioas on 12 June saying the he ‘had suggested from the very first days that we should expel this mad man’. Mr Faizi cabled ‘SAKE GOD PROTECTION CAUSE EXPEL IMMEDIATELY.’ Mr Ioas sided strongly with Mr Faizi, writing, “With his continuing destructive activities I do not see how we can dismiss them - by simply asking the Friends not to associate with him. As I have cabled previously, he must be put out of the Faith entirely - as a Covenant-breaker - and the same action must be taken with regard to those who uphold his blasphemous claims.’ Bill Sears also supported this view: I completely agree that all the Hands should unite in this action, as they (the entire body) are the ones who must accept this responsibility as “Chief Stewards”. However, to await a meeting this Fall would be to delay it too long, I feel. Surely if all the Hands repudiate Mason and call for his expulsion if he does not repudiate, it is sufficient.” Hasan Balyuzi, however, responded that ‘Mason's claim is laughable, preposterous, abominable ...’, but then asked: Where do the Hands obtain the authority to expel anyone from the Community? ... These are the exact words of the Master, which I have read and read, and which I quote: ‘My object is to show that the Hands of the Cause of God must be ever watchful and so soon as they find anyone beginning to oppose and protest against the Guardian of the Cause of God, cast him out from the congregation of the people of Baha .... nowhere else have I found the express authority given to the Hands of the Cause to expel people for any reason other than opposition to the Guardian.” Adelbert Miihlschlegel was also against expulsion at that time.

(Shoghi Effendi through the Pilgrim's Eye: Volume 2: The Ten Year Crusade, 1953-1963 by Earl Redman)

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Ruhiyyih purposely orchestrated this evil plan to dismantle the IBC once Shoghi died

Shoghi Effendi did appoint his successor before he died. The successor of Shoghi was the IBC (International Baha’i Council) that he created which was eventually dismantled by Ruhiyyih & the hands.

The IBC that Shoghi created was not only supposed to be the embryonic Universal house of Justice (UHJ), it was also the symbolic child of Shoghi Effendi. Let me carefully explain.

When Shoghi first created the IBC, he himself didn’t communicate directly with each member face to face nor would he allow them to meet with each other. He would send messages to each member of the IBC by using Ruhiyyih as a liaison. There was a symbolic reason for this.

You see, each member of the IBC represented the different body parts of a child that’s in it’s mother’s womb, with Shoghi representing the mother or head, & Ruhiyyih representing the umbilical cord that passes messages from the head to the different parts.

When Shoghi died, it represented his child or successor being born, which was the IBC that he created. From the moment, the entire Baha’i world was supposed to turn to the IBC for divine guidance while it went through its successive stages from a child (the international Baha’i council & the International Baha’i court) to an adult (the Universal House of Justice).

If Mason Remey (the president of the IBC) were still alive once the IBC completed all its formative stages, then he would automatically become the second guardian. If not, then his successor would become the second guardian once the IBC completed all its formative stages to the Universal House of Justice.

But, as we all know, these divine transformative stages were not allowed to happen when Ruhiyyih & the hands dismantled the IBC, which effectively killed the child & rightful successor of Shoghi Effendi.

You see, Ruhiyyih purposely orchestrated this evil plan to dismantle the IBC once Shoghi died. She knew in advance that the IBC was supposed to be the rightful successor of Shoghi because remember, she was the liaison or umbilical cord of Shoghi that carried all the messages. So, she had direct knowledge of the entire, intended plan.

The reason why she did this because she knew once Shoghi died, she would no longer have a high position in the Baha’i world & would effectively become a regular Baha’i. Think about it. Once a child is born, the umbilical cord is cut off & thrown away because it is no longer needed.

This eventual circumstance was painful for her to accept which she was determined not to allow. So, in order to maintain a high position within the Baha’i world once Shoghi died, she along with the hands dismantled the IBC that Shoghi created & appointed themselves as the custodians of the Baha’i faith.

When this happened, which led to every Baha’i accepting this development, it effectively caused the entire Baha’i world to become covenant-breakers. The Universal House of Justice that exists today is not the real, divine Universe House of Justice that was intended by Baha'u'llah & Abdul-Baha.

It is a empty shell without a head (the guardian). So, it does not possess the divine guidance of Baha'u'llah.

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More scandals in the Baha'i faith

There is a lot to cover, but I think it is important to begin where it started; the Bab appointed Subh-i-Azal (Mirza Yahya) as his successor, not Baha'u'llah (Mirza Husayn Ali). This is an objective historical fact that even Baha'i narratives can't completely ignore. To "fix the problem", they said that the Bab only appointed Subh-i-Azal as a "figurehead" leader, and that Baha'u'llah was the "real" leader doing all of the work behind the scenes. There is not a shred of evidence to prove this assertion outside of the Baha'i writings, which are biased in favor of Baha'u'llah's claims.

Some Bahai's have also speculated that Baha'u'llah did this to protect Subh-i-Azal, which doesn't make any sense. If your intention was to protect someone, why would you put them out front and center, while you do your thing in the background?

Succesorship controversies abound in this religion, probably moreso than any other religion. Ironic, considering the almost manic insistence on "unity" this faith has. Even before this event, the Shaykhis had a similar problem. Not all of them believed in the Bab, or that a new religion was supposed to be established by the Qa'im. So after Siyyid Kazim died, the Shaykhi group split up into different "factions".

This happened every time a major figure in the faith died. When Baha'u'llah passed away, the fight was between 'Abdu'l-Baha and his elder brother, Mohammed Ali. Mohammed Ali was somewhat of a low-key figure (much like Subh-i-Azal), and didn't put a lot of emphasis on their own "greatness". An entire cult of personality was established around 'Abdu'l-Baha, however, much like his father before him.

When 'Abdu'l-Baha died, some people thought that his Will & Testament was a forgery, while others accepted the claim that Shoghi Effendi was appointed as his successor. When Shoghi Effendi died, he ostensibly left no Will & Testament, which doesn't make any sense. For someone as meticulous as he was portrayed to be, it makes no sense that he didn't write a Will before he died. This is the same person that would apparently agonize for hours over how to translate a single word of Baha'u'llah's writings, but he couldn't be bothered to write a Will?

Especially given how much the religion claims to value unity, it was irresponsible of him not to. Clearly appointing a successor or saying that there would be no successor at all, would have been better.

https://www.reddit.com/r/exbahai/comments/13pgdj7/give_us_the_dirt_whats_the_most_scandalous_thing/

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"In this Dispensation, divine guidance flows on to us in this world after the Prophet’s ascension, through first the Master, and then the Guardians."

While the Guardianship was to be a perpetual institution of the Administrative Order, it ceased to exist after the death of Shoghi Effendi because he died having violated Bahá'u'lláh's command in the Kitáb-i-Aqdas that "Unto everyone hath been enjoined the writing of a will." Having no children of his own and having declared every living male descendant of Bahá'u'lláh a Covenant-breaker, Shoghi Effendi left no eligible candidates for the office of Guardian, posing a serious problem given his assertion that "In this Dispensation, divine guidance flows on to us in this world after the Prophet’s ascension, through first the Master, and then the Guardians." He had furthermore stated in The World Order of Bahá’u’lláh that...

Divorced from the institution of the Guardianship the World Order of Bahá’u’lláh would be mutilated and permanently deprived of that hereditary principle which, as ‘Abdu’l-Bahá has written, has been invariably upheld by the Law of God. “In all the Divine Dispensations,” He states, in a Tablet addressed to a follower of the Faith in Persia, “the eldest son hath been given extraordinary distinctions. Even the station of prophethood hath been his birthright.” Without such an institution the integrity of the Faith would be imperiled, and the stability of the entire fabric would be gravely endangered. Its prestige would suffer, the means required to enable it to take a long, an uninterrupted view over a series of generations would be completely lacking, and the necessary guidance to define the sphere of the legislative action of its elected representatives would be totally withdrawn.

So fundamental was the office of the Guardianship, that Bahá’í literature was significantly altered subsequent to Shoghi Effendi's death, with the notable removal of references to "The First Guardian of the Bahá'í Faith," the "first and present Guardian," and "the lineage of succeeding Guardians." In some cases, references to the Guardian have been replaced or amended with "the Universal House of Justice" and in other instances references to the duties of the Guardian that were in the present tense have been changed to the past tense, indicating that the Guardianship has ceased.

From 'Abdu'l-Bahá's Will and Testament...

O ye beloved of the Lord! It is incumbent upon the Guardian of the Cause of God to appoint in his own life-time him that shall become his successor, that differences may not arise after his passing. He that is appointed must manifest in himself detachment from all worldly things, must be the essence of purity, must show in himself the fear of God, knowledge, wisdom and learning. Thus, should the first-born of the Guardian of the Cause of God not manifest in himself the truth of the words:—“The child is the secret essence of its sire,” that is, should he not inherit of the spiritual within him (the Guardian of the Cause of God) and his glorious lineage not be matched with a goodly character, then must he, (the Guardian of the Cause of God) choose another branch to succeed him." 

https://www.reddit.com/r/exbahai/comments/129fb9f/biggest_theological_problems_in_bahai_teaching/ 

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Mirza Muhammad-`Ali's opposition to the Centre of the Covenant, has cost him the loss of the right to succeed Baha'u'llah

Equally unaware were the believers that Shoghi Effendi was the distinguished Branch appointed by `Abdu’l-Baha to lead the Baha’i world after Him. Mirza Muhammad-`Ali, whose opposition to the Centre of the Covenant, had cost him the loss of the right to succeed Him, was hard at work to present himself as the leader of the Baha’i community.

The Greatest Holy Leaf’s Unparalleled Role in Religious History and the Significance of the Arc, the Site of Her Resting Place by Baharieh Rouhani Ma`ani

https://bahai-library.com/maani_holy_leaf_role

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Divinely inspired institution of Guardianship, but also for this particular Guardian

With deep love and pride the Baha'is labor under his guidance, thanking God not only for this wonderful Divinely inspired institution of Guardianship, but also for this particular Guardian, who has steered the ship of the Cause through so many shoals and whose sure and patient hand is guiding it on to the great victories promised by Baha'u'llah for his Faith in this Century...

...So we see that just as we Baha'is the world over are his responsibility, given to him by Almighty God, so is he our responsibility, likewise given us by Almighty God. Let us not take it lightly! In gratitude for both this mighty institution of Guardianship in which mankind has found a sure refuge in this new age, and in gratitude for this particular first Guardian, this Shoghi Effendi, let us resolve to rise to a truly higher plane of endeavor, and above all a higher plane of spiritual awareness, during these coming years.

(Ruhiyyih Khanum, Twenty-Five Years of The Guardianship, Baha'i Publishing Committee, Wilmette, Illinois - 1948)

(In this book, authored by Ruhiyyih Khanum, Shoghi Effendi is mentioned at least ten times as the first guardian of the Baha'i faith)

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The institution of Guardianship effectively prevented any division or schism in the Baha'i ranks.

The institution of Guardianship-tied into the fabric of the Faith by 'Abdu'l-Baha through His Will in a knot no amount of perseverence and ingenuity can undo-has, as it was destined to do, effectively prevented any division or schism in the Baha'i ranks.

(Ruhiyyih Khanum, Twenty-Five Years of The Guardianship, Baha'i Publishing Committee, Wilmette, Illinois - 1948)

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